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IMC / 2004 / Problems / Day 1, P1

IMC 2004 · Day 1 · P1

easy

Let SS be an infinite set of real numbers such that s1+s2++sk<1|s_1 + s_2 + \dots + s_k| < 1 for every finite subset {s1,s2,,sk}S\{s_1, s_2, \dots, s_k\} \subset S. Show that SS is countable.

Solution (official)

Let Sn=S(1n,)S_n = S \cap \left( \frac{1}{n}, \infty \right) for any integer n>0n > 0. It follows from the inequality that Sn<n|S_n| < n. Similarly, if we define Sn=S(,1n)S_{-n} = S \cap \left( -\infty, -\frac{1}{n} \right), then Sn<n|S_{-n}| < n. Any nonzero xSx \in S is an element of some SnS_n or SnS_{-n}, because there exists an nn such that x>1nx > \frac{1}{n}, or x<1nx < -\frac{1}{n}. Then S{0}nN(SnSn)S \subset \{0\} \cup \bigcup\limits_{n \in \mathbb{N}} (S_n \cup S_{-n}), SS is a countable union of finite sets, and hence countable.

How the field did

contestants scored
176
average (of 20)
16.17
solved (≥ 80%)
78.4%
near-0 (≤ 10%)
12.5%
discrimination
0.51

Score distribution (field cohort)

Computed on contestants with a meaningful total (field cohort); discrimination is the corrected item–total correlation.

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